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Not surprisingly, there developed an easy acceptance of most authority as legitimate. The 1940s witnessed an unprecedented number of persons serving in various military units. Rapidly society moved from welcoming virtually every anti-Nazi radical to suspecting all critics of capitalism. Anti-Communism, present since the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century, became required of all persons seeking to be taken seriously. Few doubted that the nation that combated first fascism, then Stalinism, was the finest on earth. For Americans, it had effects lasting long beyond 1949. Indeed, the global conflict rapidly turned a society ravaged by the Great Depression into an economic colossus and military superpower.Īccompanying the transition was a deep, abiding sense of unity. The United States, of all major nations, felt the sacrifice the least. Fifty to eighty million people perished before their time. The 1940s were arguably the most violent ten years in human history. Most significantly, we treat as a unified era a decade that historians typically bifurcate into the separate categories, “World War II” and “the Cold War.” For nearly everyone cognizant at the time, however, the period was a seamless web crisis and change lay at the center of it. Accordingly, the Dictionary includes some foreign events and some persons who never stepped on U.S. Clearly, by the 1940s, no thoughtful mind could divorce the American experience from international concerns. Historians of diplomacy, commerce, and economics have long recognized the nation’s early twentieth-century “isolation” as exaggerated. The book focuses chiefly on the United States, but places American lives and events firmly within a global context. In selecting topics for inclusion, we have tried to offer a representative slice of life as contemporary Americans saw it. Not an encyclopedia, the volume quickly defines a historical figure, institution, or event and then points to three sources that treat the subject in depth.
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Introduction Historical Dictionary of the 1940s offers readers a ready-reference portrait of one of the twentieth century’s most tumultuous decades. President Harry Truman’s Inaugural Address Judge Learned Hand on the Spirit of LibertyĮleanor Roosevelt on the Struggle for Human Rights American Historical Association Presidential Addresses President Harry Truman on the Truman Doctrine George C. Jackson’s Opening Speech for the Prosecution at the Nuremberg Trials Winston Churchill and the “Iron Curtain” Address Text of the Yalta Conference Agreement President Harry Truman’s Announcement of the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima Roosevelt’s War Message to CongressĪdolf Hitler’s Declaration of War Against the United States Benito Mussolini’s War StatementĮrnie Pyle, from Here Is Your War Wendell L. Japanese Foreign Minister Togo Shigenori’s Address to the Imperial Diet President Franklin D. Willkie’s Acceptance Speech Joseph Stalin’s Broadcast to the Peoples of the Soviet Union Roberts (1880–1970), whose wonderful zest for life, youthful spirit, and keen common sense provided special inspiration.Īppendices Wendell L. Leonard Schlup dedicates this book to the memory of his maternal great-uncle, John B. Ryan dedicates this book to Kimberly West, Christopher West, and Jennifer West, who make being an uncle a lot of fun.
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Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984. History, Modern-20th century-Dictionaries. Includes bibliographical references and index. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ryan, James Gilbert Historical dictionary of the 1940s / James G. Sharpe, Inc., 80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, M.E. M.E.Sharpe Armonk, New York London, EnglandĬopyright © 2006 by M.E.